Disease Management
Recognizing the Signs of a Heart Attack or Stroke and What to Do
Act in Time Dial 911 Immediately Heart Attack Warning Signs
The American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute have launched a new "Act in Time" campaign to increase people's awareness of heart attack and the importance of calling 911 immediately at the onset of heart attack symptoms.
Heart attack and stroke are life-and-death emergencies where every second counts. If you see or have any of the listed symptoms, immediately call 911. Not all these signs occur in every heart attack or stroke. Sometimes they go away and return. If some occur, get help fast. Today heart attack and stroke victims can benefit from new medications and treatments unavailable to patients in years past. For example, clot-busting drugs can stop some heart attacks and strokes in progress, reducing disability and saving lives. But to be effective, these drugs must be given relatively quickly after heart attack or stroke symptoms first appear. So again, don't delay - get help right away!
Some heart attacks are sudden and intense - the "movie heart attack," where no one doubts what's happening. But most heart attacks start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort. Often people affected aren't sure what's wrong and wait too long before getting help. Here are signs that can mean a heart attack is happening:
Learn the signs, but remember this: Even if you're not sure it's a heart attack, have it checked out. Minutes matter, and fast action can save lives. Calling 911 is almost always the fastest way to get lifesaving treatment. Emergency medical services staff can begin treatment when they arrive - up to an hour sooner than if someone travels to the hospital by car. The staff is also trained to revive someone whose heart has stopped. Patients with chest pain who arrive by ambulance usually receive faster treatment at the hospital, too. If you can't access emergency medical services (EMS), have someone drive you to the hospital right away. If you are the one having symptoms, don't drive yourself, unless you have absolutely no other option.
Stroke Warning Signs
The American Stroke Association lists the following warning signs of stroke:
- Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
- Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
- Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
- Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
- Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
If you or someone with you has one or more of these signs, don't delay! Immediately call 911 or the emergency medical services (EMS) number so an ambulance can be sent for you. Also, check the time so you'll know when the first symptoms appeared. It is very important to take immediate action. If given within three hours of the start of symptoms, a clot-busting drug can reduce long-term disability for the most common type of stroke.
Cardiac Arrest Signs
- Sudden loss of responsiveness (no response to tapping on shoulders)
- No normal breathing (the victim does not take a normal breath when you tilt the head up and check for at least five seconds)
If these signs of cardiac arrest are present, tell someone to call 911 and get an automated external defibrillator (AED) if one is available. Begin CPR immediately.
If you are alone with an adult who has these signs of cardiac arrest, call 911, get an AED if one is available, or begin CPR immediately. Use an AED as soon as it arrives.
Source: 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
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